1. with proper names:
America is one of the richest countries in the world.
Mammootty and Mohanlal are talented actors in the Malayalam film world.
BUT:
The United States of America, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the UK, the Netherlands
2. with names of islands:
I'm going to Bermuda if I can find the money.
BUT:
The West Indies, the Maldives, the Isle of Man
[The Isle of Man is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Ireland.]
3. with names of single mountains and peaks:
Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales.
Kanchenjunga is the highest mountain peak in India.
[Similarly: Everest, Kailas, Mont Blanc, Kilimanjaro]
BUT:
The Himalayas, The Western Ghats, The Pyrenees
4. with uncountable nouns and plural nouns when used in a general sense:
Gold is a precious metal.
Books are our best friends.
BUT:
When used in a particular sense, the should be used:
The gold that we purchased from Genius Jewellery last week is of good quality.
I have returned the books to the library today.
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